Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)

An intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can happen at any time. Known as a hemorrhagic stroke, an ICH is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical care.

Unlike ischemic strokes, caused by blocked blood flow, ICH results from a ruptured blood vessel within the brain itself, causing sudden internal bleeding and potentially severe damage.

Recognizing the symptoms and seeking immediate medical attention are crucial for improving recovery.

Call 911 immediately if you or someone you know has symptoms of an intracerebral hemorrhage.

What is intracerebral hemorrhage?

Causes and risk factors of intracerebral hemorrhage

Several factors increase your risk of ICH, including:

• Age: An ICH is more common in people over 55.
  
• Alcohol abuse: Chronic alcohol consumption weakens the blood vessels.
  
• Blood thinners: Certain medications can increase bleeding risk.
  
• Gender: Men, or those assigned male at birth, are more likely to have an intracerebral hemorrhage than women.
  
• Head trauma: Injuries to the brain may damage blood vessels, leading to later bleeding in the brain.
  
• High blood pressure: Chronic high blood pressure is the main cause of ICH.
  
• Liver disease: The liver plays vital roles in the clotting process. A diseased liver can disrupt clotting.

Specific underlying conditions can also cause ICH, including:

• Arteriovenous malformations (abnormal connections between arteries and veins)
  
• Brain tumors
• Head injuries

Taking preventive measures can play a crucial role in minimizing the risk of ICH, such as managing and controlling high blood pressure, addressing underlying health conditions and adopting a healthy lifestyle.

Regular check-ups can aid in early detection and help identify potential risk factors.

Intracerebral hemorrhage symptoms

Symptoms of intracerebral hemorrhage include:

• Sudden weakness or numbness (often on one side)
• Confusion
• Temporary blindness
• Loss of consciousness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Seizures
• Headache
• Lethargy

Complications of intracerebral hemorrhage

Complications associated with ICH may include long-term neurological deficits, cognitive impairments and challenges in daily functioning.

Timely medical care with rehabilitation efforts can help reduce complications and improve overall outcomes for individuals affected by ICH.

Diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is crucial for improving the outcome. Your provider will perform a physical exam and order digital imaging tests, including:

• CT scan
• MRI
• X-rays

Treatment options for intracerebral hemorrhage

Treatment strategies for ICH aim to address the hematoma and prevent further damage. Treatment options may include surgery and medications to control blood pressure and manage associated symptoms.

Recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage

ICH recovery requires a comprehensive approach, including rehabilitation. The length of recovery depends on a range of factors, including the size of the bleed, how quick treatment was administered and underlying conditions.

Rehabilitation programs such as physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy may be included in the recovery plan by your provider.