Pink eye (Conjunctivitis)

Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is a common and very contagious eye infection that can affect anyone. Pink eye causes redness, itching and inflammation of the eye's white area.

With different causes ranging from bacteria, viruses, allergens, to irritants, pink eye can have low or high levels of discomfort. Whatever the cause, pink eye is very treatable, and you can prevent infection by taking the right precautions.

Get relief from pink eye with a virtual video visit with your provider or visit an immediate care center to see an Advocate Health Care vision services expert.

What is pink eye?

Pink eye, or conjunctivitis, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva – a transparent layer of tissue that covers the whites of the eye and the inside of your eyelids. When this white area in your eye becomes irritated or infected, it causes the blood vessels to become more prominent, leading to the characteristic red, itchy appearance.

Pink eye can occur in one or both eyes and is often accompanied by swelling and inflammation. It’s easy to spread pink eye from one person to another, so it's important to take steps to prevent the spread by keeping surfaces clean and washing your hands regularly.

What are the starting symptoms of pink eye?

Pink eye symptoms often start with mild discomfort and can get worse quickly. The most common early signs include:

• A gritty sensation or feeling like there's something in your eye
• Redness in the whites of the eye
• Watery discharge, especially with viral conjunctivitis
• Mild itching or irritation
• Slight swelling around the eye, which may feel tender to the touch
• Recognizing symptoms early and getting prompt pink eye treatment can help you avoid spreading pink eye to others.

Pink Eye Symptoms

As pink eye progresses, you may experience more noticeable symptoms that can be uncomfortable such as:

• Swelling and inflammation around the eye
• Red, itchy, painful eyes
• Thick, yellow or green discharge, particularly with bacterial conjunctivitis
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia), which can make it uncomfortable to be in brightly lit areas
• Blurred vision due to discharge accumulation
• Crusting of the eyelids or lashes, especially after sleep
• A burning sensation that worsens throughout the day

It's important to avoid rubbing your eyes, as this can worsen symptoms and increase the risk of spreading the infection to others.

What Causes Conjunctivitis?

Several things can cause conjunctivitis. By identifying the cause, your doctor can make sure you’re getting the best treatment. The most common causes include:

Viral Infections

Viral conjunctivitis is the most frequent type and is very contagious. It’s often linked to the common cold or respiratory infections. The infection spreads quickly through contact with infected surfaces, hands, or respiratory droplets. This type of pink eye can be uncomfortable but usually resolves on its own.

Bacterial Infections

Bacteria, such as staphylococcus or streptococcus, can infect the eye, leading to bacterial conjunctivitis. This form is also highly contagious and may require antibiotic treatment. It often causes a thicker, yellow-green discharge that can cause the eyelids to stick together, especially after sleeping.

Allergies

Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when your eyes react to allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander. This type isn’t contagious and often occurs alongside other allergy symptoms such as sneezing and a runny nose. It’s common for people with seasonal allergies to have recurring episodes.

Irritants

Exposure to smoke, chemicals, or chlorine from swimming pools can cause conjunctivitis by irritating the eyes. This type typically clears up once the irritant is removed, but it can be uncomfortable and may require soothing treatments to reduce inflammation.

Diagnosing Pink Eye

To diagnose pink eye, your doctor will conduct a thorough examination of your eyes, ask about your symptoms, and review your medical history. In some cases, your doctor may take a sample of eye discharge to identify the specific bacteria or virus causing the infection.

In many cases, a virtual visit is appropriate to get a diagnosis and proper pink eye treatment, as symptoms are often noticeable.

Proper diagnosis ensures you receive the right treatment, especially since pink eye caused by bacteria or a virus requires different approaches. If you wear contact lenses, your provider may ask you to stop wearing them until your eyes heal to prevent further irritation.

How Long Does Pink Eye Last?

How long a pink eye infection lasts depends on the cause. Viral conjunctivitis can last from a few days to two weeks. It typically resolves on its own but remains contagious for as long as symptoms are present.

With treatment, bacterial conjunctivitis often clears up within five to seven days. Without antibiotics, it may last longer. You may notice improvement within a couple of days of starting treatment, but it’s important to complete the full course.

Allergic conjunctivitis can last as long as you're exposed to the allergen, but symptoms often improve with allergy treatment or avoidance.

Pink Eye Treatment

Treatment for pink eye depends on the cause. Here are some common causes:

Viral Conjunctivitis

Since it's caused by a virus, antibiotics won’t help. Self-care is crucial, including using warm compresses and artificial tears, and practicing good hygiene. Over-the-counter pink eye drops can provide relief. In severe cases, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medication.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Antibiotic eye drops for pink eye or ointments are usually prescribed to help clear the infection. It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve to make sure your infection is completely gone.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Antihistamine eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis can help relieve itching and swelling. Identifying and avoiding allergens is key to preventing flare-ups. In some cases, your doctor may recommend oral antihistamines or other allergy medications.

Can Pink Eye Go Away on Its Own?

Yes, in many cases, pink eye can go away on its own, especially if it's viral or mild bacterial conjunctivitis. However, it’s recommended to see your doctor to identify the cause and make sure you’re getting proper pink eye treatment.

How to Prevent Conjunctivitis

Preventing conjunctivitis involves good hygiene and being careful around people who may have an eye infection. Good conjunctivitis self-care measures include:

• Avoiding touching your eyes with unwashed hands
• Disinfecting surfaces that you touch regularly, such as doorknobs and light switches
• Not sharing personal items such as makeup, towels, and washcloths
• Washing your hands frequently with soap and water
• If you wear contact lenses, following proper cleaning and storage procedures and avoiding wearing them while experiencing symptoms

Ensuring your hands are clean and avoiding contact with people who have pink eye can significantly reduce your risk of getting or spreading an infection.