Subdural hemorrhage

A subdural hemorrhage is a life-threatening medical emergency. This type of brain hemorrhage happens when blood leaks into the dura matter, the membrane between the skull and brain. This pool of blood puts pressure on the brain and prevents it from getting enough oxygen.

Call 911 immediately if you or someone you know has symptoms of a subdural
hemorrhage.

Types of subdural hemorrhages

Subdural hemorrhages are one of two types:

• Acute subdural hemorrhage:A rapidly developing brain bleed, often caused by a significant head injury like a car accident or fall. Symptoms typically appear within hours or days after the injury and can be severe, requiring immediate medical intervention.
• Chronic subdural hemorrhage: A slow-growing hematoma, frequently observed in older adults or individuals with risk factors like blood thinners or alcohol abuse. Symptoms may be subtle and progress gradually, making early diagnosis more challenging.

Subdural hemorrhage symptoms

Symptoms of a subdural hemorrhage develop slowly or within hours of an injury. Some subdural hemorrhage symptoms may include:

• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Persistent headache that may be more severe than usual
• Seizures
• Speech and comprehension problems
• Weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Diagnosing subdural hemorrhage

Imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI are the best diagnostic tools for your Advocate Health Care provider to accurately diagnose a subdural hematoma.

Imaging tests allow your provider to see clear images of your brain and determine the location and size of your subdural hemorrhage.

Your provider will also perform a physical exam and check your symptoms.

Subdural hemorrhage treatment

Smaller subdural hematomas are typically treated with medications used to control blood pressure, seizures or headaches.

Your provider will treat larger hematomas with surgery to drain the blood and relieve pressure on the brain. You may need additional surgery to remove any blood clots.

Subdural hemorrhage complications

Large subdural hematomas can be life-threatening and cause death without prompt medical care. Other complications include repeated bleeding or a brain herniation.

A brain herniation happens when pressure from a subdural hemorrhage pushes against the brain, causing it to move from its normal position. Brain herniation often leads to death.

Preventing a subdural hemorrhage

You can reduce your risk of a subdural hemorrhage by taking the following safety precautions, including:

• Resting after a head injury or concussion.
• Removing anything that could cause a fall in your home, especially if you are or have elderly people living with you.
• Talking with your provider about precautions when taking blood thinners.
• Using safety equipment at a job site with a high risk of head injury.
• Wearing a helmet when riding a bicycle or motorcycle.