Cystoscopy

A cystoscopy is a diagnostic test your urologist may use to assess the inside of the bladder and urethra. It's also called a cystourethroscopy or as a bladder scope.

The test helps to identify conditions such as polyps, constricted areas known as strictures, abnormal growths and other potential urological health issues. A biopsy can also be taken during the cystoscopy procedure for further tissue examination.

During a cystoscopy, a slim, flexible tube with a light and a camera at its tip – known as a cystoscope – is inserted into the urethra. For men, the insertion point is at the end of the penis. For women, the cystoscope is inserted into the urethra.

Why you may need a cystoscopy

A cystoscopy procedure is commonly used by a urologist to diagnose and monitor various urological conditions. Some common reasons your doctor may recommend a cystoscopy include:

• Bladder cancer
• Bladder prolapse (cystocele)
• Bladder stones
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Narrow urethra
• Abnormal urine or imaging test
• Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Neurogenic bladder
• Urinary Incontinence
  

What to expect during cystoscopy testing

A cystoscopy is typically done in your provider's office or at a hospital or clinic. You’ll usually return home on the same day.

A cystoscopy typically takes up to 20 minutes to perform. You’ll be lying down with your feet in stirrups during the test.

How to prepare for a cystoscopy

If you have an infection, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics before undergoing a cystoscopy. You'll also have to empty your bladder before testing. If you can, wait to empty your bladder before your test in case your provider wants to take a urine sample.

Your doctor may give you a sedative or general anesthesia to help you relax or sleep through the procedure. If you are having anesthesia, your provider will require you to fast the night before testing. You should also plan to have a ride to and from the testing facility if you’re having anesthesia.

Your provider will insert the cystoscope into your urethra. First, they’ll use a numbing cream to prevent pain. Once numb, your provider will insert the scope and slowly guide it into the urethra and bladder. You may feel some pressure and discomfort during this part of the test.

Sometimes, your doctor may insert a sterile solution into the bladder to expand it for better visibility. Tissue samples (biopsies) may be taken during the procedure to check for possible abnormalities or polyps.

Cystoscopy recovery

If you were sedated or given anesthesia, you may have to wait in recovery until the medication wears off. Your provider will discuss any specific instructions and follow-up care with you after your cystoscopy procedure.

When you urinate, you may feel a burning sensation or notice some pinkish coloring in your urine. You may also experience frequent urination for a couple of days after the procedure. This is normal.

To relieve any discomfort, drink plenty of fluids and take over-the-counter pain medication.

Results of your cystoscopy

Your provider may have the results of your cystoscopy procedure immediately after testing. Results might be discussed during a follow-up appointment. If you had a biopsy during the procedure, you’ll have to wait until the test results are analyzed.

What are the risks of a cystoscopy?

A cystoscopy is a routine procedure. While uncommon, there are some potential cystoscopy risks. These include:

• Allergic reaction to the anesthesia
• Bleeding
• Discomfort or pain
• Scarring or narrowing of the urethra
• Urinary tract infection (UTI)

It’s important to talk to your doctor about any pre-existing conditions, allergies or medications you are taking prior to your cystoscopy procedure. If you experience persistent bleeding, severe pain or have signs of an infection such as a fever or chills, contact your urologist right away.